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A Code Poem For The French Resistance -- Leo Marks

Guest poem sent in by Vikram Doctor
(Poem #197) A Code Poem For The French Resistance
  The life that I have is all that I have
  And the life that I have is yours.
  The love that I have of the life that I have
  Is yours and yours and yours.

  A sleep I shall have
  A rest I shall have,
  Yet death will be but a pause,
  For the peace of my years in the long green grass
  Will be yours and yours and yours.
-- Leo Marks
One of those absolutely simple poems that one simply absorbs - I don't
remember ever memorising this, I just read it in an anthology and I've never
been able to forget it. What I'd like to know - which is partly why I'm
putting this out - is a bit about who the author was and when was it
written? And was it really for a purpose like the Resistance? Anyone who can
tell me a bit more about the poem or the poet please write in.

Vikram

In the desert -- Stephen Crane

       
(Poem #196) In the desert
  In the desert
  I saw a creature, naked, bestial,
  Who, squatting upon the ground,
  Held his heart in his hands,
  And ate of it.
  I said: "Is it good, friend?"
  "It is bitter-bitter," he answered;
  "But I like it
  Because it is bitter,
  And because it is my heart."
-- Stephen Crane
There are a number of persistent themes that run through Crane's poems.
Among the most noticeable are human nature, love and the exploration of
man's relations to God, religion, truth, and nature, mostly with a strong
undercurrent of irony. Whatever he is writing about, though, there is one
feature common to nearly every poem - it makes the reader *think*.

Crane is a master of the paradigm shift, the few words that suddenly twist
the reader's world view around, exposing paradox and uncertainty where
before was only smooth complacency. 'Zen' is a badly overused word, and I
won't pretend to know what it properly means, but Crane certainly fits the
public perception of what Zen should be - thought provoking, leaving no
assumption unchallenged, and with multiple meanings and dichotomies
coexisting in every piece.

A final note - the piece above is an excerpt from a larger work, 'The Black
Riders and Other Lines'. Like Fitzgerald's Rubaiyat, it is a series of
somewhat disconnected short pieces, but, again like the Rubaiyat, the pieces
take on a whole new dimension when read together - not necessarily as a
larger 'whole', but simply because each piece develops and reinforces the
themes, the images and the atmosphere of all the rest. A link to the
complete text of the Black Riders is included below.

Note: The poem was untitled, being merely verse III of The Black Riders; I
      merely used the first line as a title.

Biography:

Crane, Stephen

   b. Nov. 1, 1871, Newark, N.J., U.S.
   d. June 5, 1900, Badenweiler, Baden, Ger.

   American novelist, poet, and short-story writer, best known for his
   novels Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (1893) and The Red Badge of
   Courage (1895) and the short stories "The Open Boat," "The Bride Comes
   to Yellow Sky," and "The Blue Hotel."

For a complete biography see <http://www.rdlthai.com/ellsa_cranebio.html>

Assessment:

    After The Red Badge of Courage, Crane's few attempts at
   the novel were of small importance, but he achieved an extraordinary
   mastery of the short story.

   [...]

   In the best of these tales Crane showed a rare ability to shape colourful
   settings, dramatic action, and perceptive characterization into ironic
   explorations of human nature and destiny. In even briefer scope,
   rhymeless, cadenced and "free" in form, his unique, flashing poetry was
   extended into War Is Kind (1899).

   Stephen Crane first broke new ground in Maggie, which evinced an
   uncompromising (then considered sordid) realism that initiated the
   literary trend of the succeeding generations--i.e., the sociological
   novels of Frank Norris, Theodore Dreiser, and James T. Farrell. Crane
   intended The Red Badge of Courage to be "a psychological portrayal of
   fear," and reviewers rightly praised its psychological realism. The first
   nonromantic novel of the Civil War to attain widespread popularity, The
   Red Badge of Courage turned the tide of the prevailing convention about
   war fiction and established a new, if not unprecedented, one. The secret
   of Crane's success as war correspondent, journalist, novelist,
   short-story writer, and poet lay in his achieving tensions between irony
   and pity, illusion and reality, or the double mood of hope contradicted
   by despair. Crane was a great stylist and a master of the contradictory
   effect.

        -- EB

Links:

   Complete text of 'The Black Riders and Other Lines' can be found at the
   Poets' Corner, <[broken link] http://geocities.com/~spanoudi/poems/crane02.html>.
   There's also a nice paragraph on why Crane is poetry, though, quoting
   from the site,
       "Crane himself declined to call them poems, referring to them
       only as 'lines'."

   There's a Crane site at
   <[broken link] http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/~mmaynard/Crane/crane.html>

   and a nice biographical snippet at
   <[broken link] http://www.spanam.simplenet.com/crane.htm>

m.

Juggler, Magician, Fool - A Pantoum -- Peter Schaeffer

I happen to be a fan of ingenuity too...
(Poem #195) Juggler, Magician, Fool - A Pantoum
You mysterious jongleur, abstracted, absorbed, you slowly pace the street.
You stare, detached, through a curtain: silver balls in the air.

You slowly pace the street, tossing coins, cups, scarves,
silver balls in the air, making a skydance ---

tossing coins, cups, scarves, each in their separate paths,
making a skydance, chaotic, hypnotic;

each in their separate paths, dancing
(chaotic, hypnotic) the random paths of stars;

dancing through and around;
the random paths of stars, moons, comets, and the sudden flare-fade streak

through and around everything, the mystical hands tossing destinies;
moons, comets, and the sudden flare-fade streak of your hands ordering

everything. The mystical hands tossing destinies --- the feel
of your hands ordering the planets to dance.

The feel of chaos put in order. Tell
the planets to dance on your palm.

Of chaos put in order, tell the stars in their places in the lines
on your palm. Whirl

the stars in their places in the lines. You stare, detached, through a curtain.
Whirl, you mysterious jongleur, abstracted, absorbed.
-- Peter Schaeffer
Here's what the author himself has to say about his chosen poetic form:

"True, it's an unusual pantoum. Here's what Clement Wood says about the form in
his Rhyming Dictionary (Doubleday, 1936):

    "Ernest Fouinet introduced the Malayan pantoum into French versification,
and Victor Hugo popularized it in the Orientales. It is written in four-line
stanzas; and the second and fourth line of each stanza become the first and
third of the succeeding stanza. In the last stanza, the second and fourth lines
are the third and first of the first stanza; so that the opening and closing
lines of the pantoum are identical. The rhyme scheme would then be: 1, 2, 1,
2;   2, 3, 2, 3;   3, 4, 3, 4;   . . .   n, 1, n, 1. "

Notice that he says nothing about meter. Juggler, Magician, Fool began as a
strict pantoum in that the lines were correctly repeated according to the
dictates of the form; however, they varied in length. The author then discovered
that the poem read better with long lines than with short, so he eliminated
every second line break. This poem is the result. "

    -- Peter Schaeffer

Are we sufficiently impressed yet? Pantoums put villanelles in the shade -
they're far more complex, more constrained, and more convoluted. To write a poem
which is 'good' in absolute terms [1] while adhering to the straitjacket of this
particular form requires astonishing skill and ingenuity, and I for one confess
myself thoroughly impressed.

While on the topic of form (and I don't see how we can stray too far from it, in
today's context), notice how irregular the (implied) line breaks are - in
length, in content, in lexical position. It makes an interesting game, spotting
them and (even better) trying out various substitute lines/phrases.

Of course, I couldn't possibly mention form without bringing up her old
partner-in-crime, content [2]. The connection here is obvious: the repetitive,
almost hypnotic words mimic the juggler's whirling silver spheres as they trace
their convoluted paths; yet underlying them both there is a pattern, a cyclicity
- not, admittedly, an easy one to spot, but nevertheless one that's crucial to
the whole. And both words and objects contain (or seem to contain) stars,
galaxies, whole universes of meaning. The poet is both creator and created; his
identity merges with that of the juggler as he brings order to the chaos of the
written world. Wheels within wheels within wheels - intricate, and marvellous.

thomas.

[1] and I do think today's poem is a good one by any standards.
[2] did I hear someone say "Oh no, there he goes again..."?

PS. form vs. content, self-reference, poems about poetry... boy, I really struck
gold with this poem :-)

PPS. an afterthought: rereading Martin's comments to yesterday's poem -
"[Self-reference] is a not-too-unusual device in poems whose main focus is their
form - inverting the scheme of things somewhat, the content highlights and
reinforces the form, explicitly pointing out its various features."  - note that
although form _is_ emphasized in today's poem, it is not the be-all and end-all;
its primary role remains the reinforcement of content. This is an important
distinction; it raises 'Juggler, Magican, Fool' above the level of a mere
intellectual curiosity and into the realms of 'true' poetry.

Sonnet with a Different Letter at the End of Every Line -- George Starbuck

       
(Poem #194) Sonnet with a Different Letter at the End of Every Line
     O for a muse of fire, a sack of dough,
     Or both! O promissory notes of woe!
     One time in Santa Fe N.M.
     Ol' Winfield Townley Scott and I ... But whoa.

     One can exert oneself, ff ,
     Or architect a heaven like Rimbaud,
     Or if that seems, how shall I say, de trop ,
     One can at least write sonnets, a propos
     Of nothing save the do-re-mi-fa-sol
     Of poetry itself. Is not the row
     Of perfect rhymes, the terminal bon mot,
     Obeisance enough to the Great O?

     "Observe," said Chairman Mao to Premier Chou,
     "On voyage à Parnasse pour prendre les eaux.
     On voyage comme poisson, incog."
-- George Starbuck
Notes:
    N.M.: New Mexico
    ff: fortissimo (musical term, 'very loud')
    de trop: too much
    bon mot: clever saying
    French sentences:
      they travel to Parnassus[1] to take the waters,
      they travel as fish

  [1] Name of a mountain in central Greece, anciently sacred to Apollo and
      the Muses; hence used allusively in reference to literature, esp.
      poetry. -- OED

Rhyme scheme: aaaaaaaaaaaaaa

Today's poem is not so much poetry as verse. However, it is a wonderfully
ingenious piece of verse, and I for one am an unabashed fan of ingenuity. As
an added bonus, it's not only a poem about poetry (see previous theme <g>)
but a poem about itself. The latter, incidentally, is a not-too-unusual
device in poems whose main focus is their form - inverting the scheme of
things somewhat, the content highlights and reinforces the form, explicitly
pointing out its various features. On the down side, it's a slightly
overused technique, and one that is liable to topple over the fine line
between 'crafted' and 'contrived' - nonetheless, when well done it can, and
has, produced some delightful poems.

Biography:

  George Starbuck 1931 - 1996

  There's not much about Starbuck online - for a somewhat personal
  perspective on the man, see the obituaries at

  [broken link] http://wings.buffalo.edu/epc/documents/obits/starbuck.html

m.

The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock -- T S Eliot

I've been meaning to run this poem for a long time now, but I was put off by its
length. No matter; I'm sending it anyway - you can (and should) take your time
reading it.
(Poem #193) The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock
        S`io credesse che mia risposta fosse
        A persona che mai tornasse al mondo,
        Questa fiamma staria senza piu scosse.
        Ma perciocche giammai di questo fondo
        Non torno vivo alcun, s'i'odo il vero,
        Senza tema d'infamia ti rispondo.

    Let us go then, you and I,
When the evening is spread out against the sky
Like a patient etherized upon a table;
Let us go, through certain half-deserted streets,
The muttering retreats
Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels
And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells:
Streets that follow like a tedious argument
Of insidious intent
To lead you to an overwhelming question...
Oh, do not ask, "What is it?"
Let us go and make our visit.

   In the room the women come and go
Talking of Michelangelo.

   The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the window-panes
The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes
Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening
Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains,
Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from chimneys,
Slipped by the terrace, made a sudden leap,
And seeing that it was a soft October night
Curled once about the house, and fell asleep.

   And indeed there will be time
For the yellow smoke that slides along the street,
Rubbing its back upon the window-panes;
There will be time, there will be time
To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet;
There will be time to murder and create,
And time for all the works and days of hands
That lift and drop a question on your plate;
Time for you and time for me,
And time yet for a hundred indecisions
And for a hundred visions and revisions
Before the taking of a toast and tea.

   In the room the women come and go
Talking of Michelangelo.

   And indeed there will be time
To wonder, "Do I dare?" and, "Do I dare?"
Time to turn back and descend the stair,
With a bald spot in the middle of my hair---
[They will say: "How his hair is growing thin!"]
My morning coat, my collar mounting firmly to the chin,
My necktie rich and modest, but asserted by a simple pin---
[They will say: "But how his arms and legs are thin!"]
Do I dare
Disturb the universe?
In a minute there is time
For decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse.

   For I have known them all already, known them all;
Have known the evenings, mornings, afternoons,
I have measured out my life with coffee spoons;
I know the voices dying with a dying fall
Beneath the music from a farther room.
So how should I presume?

   And I have known the eyes already, known them all---
The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase,
And when I am formulated, sprawling on a pin,
When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall,
Then how should I begin
To spit out all the butt-ends of my days and ways?
And how should I presume?

   And I have known the arms already, known them all---
Arms that are braceleted and white and bare
[But in the lamplight, downed with light brown hair!]
Is it perfume from a dress
That makes me so digress?
Arms that lie along a table, or wrap about a shawl.
And should I then presume?
And how should I begin?

. . . . .

   Shall I say, I have gone at dusk through narrow streets
And watched the smoke that rises from the pipes
Of lonely men in shirt-sleeves, leaning out of windows?...

   I should have been a pair of ragged claws
Scuttling across the floors of silent seas.

. . . . .

   And the afternoon, the evening, sleeps so peacefully!
Smoothed by long fingers,
Asleep...tired...or it malingers,
Stretched on the floor, here beside you and me.
Should I, after tea and cakes and ices,
Have the strength to force the moment to its crisis?
But though I have wept and fasted, wept and prayed,
Though I have seen my head [grown slightly bald] brought in upon
      a platter,
I am no prophet --- and here's no great matter;
I have seen the moment of my greatness flicker,
And I have seen the eternal Footman hold my coat, and snicker,
And in short, I was afraid.

   And would it have been worth it, after all,
After the cups, the marmalade, the tea,
Among the porcelain, among some talk of you and me,
Would it have been worth while,
To have bitten off the matter with a smile,
To have squeezed the universe into a ball
To roll it toward some overwhelming question,
To say: "I am Lazarus, come from the dead,
Come back to tell you all, I shall tell you all"
If one, settling a pillow by her head,
Should say, "That is not what I meant at all.
That is not it, at all."

   And would it have been worth it, after all,
Would it have been worth while,
After the sunsets and the dooryards and the sprinkled streets,
After the novels, after the teacups, after the skirts that trail along the floor
---
And this, and so much more?
It is impossible to say just what I mean!
But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen:
Would it have been worth while
If one, settling a pillow or throwing off a shawl,
And turning toward the window, should say:
"That is not it at all,
That is not what I meant, at all."

. . . . .

   No! I am not Prince Hamlet, nor was meant to be;
Am an attendant lord, one that will do
To swell a progress, start a scene or to
Advise the prince; no doubt, an easy tool,
Deferential, glad to be of use,
Politic, cautious, and meticulous;
Full of high sentence, but a bit obtuse;
At times, indeed, almost ridiculous---
Almost, at times, the Fool.

   I grow old...I grow old...
I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled.

   Shall I part my hair behind? Do I dare to eat a peach?
I shall wear white flannel trousers, and walk upon the beach.
I have heard the mermaids singing, each to each.

   I do not think they will sing to me.

   I have seen them riding seaward on the waves
Combing the white hair of the waves blown back
When the wind blows the water white and black.

   We have lingered in the chambers of the sea
By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown
Til human voices wake us, and we drown.
-- T S Eliot
Certainly one of the most important poems of the twentieth century - Prufrock
rewards multiple readings and patient study. I certainly can't even begin to
analyse all that makes this poem great; I think that's a task best left to you,
gentle readers.

Without further ado,
thomas.

[Discussion]

... At first reading this great poem may strike one as a mixture of evocative
but disjoint fragments. The difficulty in sorting out the central point of the
poem lies in Eliot's use of what Hugh Kenner in The Invisible Poet calls 'a
central consciousness' rather than a recognisable, individualised speaker...
... Eliot makes a number of breaks with the tradition ef the dramatic monologue
as used by Browning, but at the same time draws on some of its familiar devices.
Prufrock is being presented as a mentally enervated, middle-aged, frustrated man
thinking about his present life and the current state of the world, and carving
his thoughts into the form of a love song.... he comes across more as an
atmosphere, a consciousness, than as a character or a personality. He seeems in
a way to be a group of thoughts connected in mood and rhythm though not by
narrative thread or an underlying personality...
    -- George MacBeth

[More Discussion]

For Eliot, form is the largest difficulty facing the modern poet, who must find
"a way of controlling, of ordering, of giving a shape and a significance to the
immense panorama of futility and anarchy which is contemporary history" (Eliot,
"Ulysses, Order and Myth"). This sense that the modern world defies traditional
structure and that the poet must somehow find a way of creating order amid chaos
is a driving force in Eliot's work, and each poem can be seen as offering a
distinct solution to the problem of form.

Structurally, "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" is a dramatic monologue
loosely bound together with a rambling psychological coherence. Its central
persona is paralyzed by indecision and extreme self-consciousness which makes
him hesitant to "dare/ Disturb the universe" (presumably by instigating
conversation and/or a relationship with a woman), consoling himself with the
thought that "[t]here will be time, there will be time." While "Prufrock" is
widely recognized as the most brilliant of Eliot's early poems -- J. C. C. Mays
claims that it "dominates the 1917 volume in which it appears" (Mays, 111) -- it
is also one of the most approachable of his poems since structurally it takes
fewer risks than his later poems. As an internal dramatic monologue it is part
of a long-standing tradition, and although it modifies the tradition by
incorporating a more disjunctive narrative structure and a heavy reliance on
allusion, which highlights the ironic contrast between past glories and modern
inadequacy, it still remains squarely within that tradition. The poem's value
doesn't lie in its structural innovation so much as in the fact that its themes
-- the disintegration of the modern world, "the tone of effort and futility of
effort which is central in Eliot's writing" (111), the failure to act, to
"disturb the universe," as Prufrock puts it -- were to preoccupy Eliot
throughout his career.

    -- from the Web, http://weber.u.washington.edu/~msodeman/eliot.html

[Minstrels Links]

An Eliot bio can be had at poem #107
For the canonical example of the dramatic monologue, read Browning's 'My Last
Duchess', Minstrels poem #104.